The Cell: A Molecular Approach

Fourth Edition

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Chapter 16: The Cell Cycle

Animations

The following animations are available for this chapter:

• 16.1  Phases of the Cell Cycle The cell cycle of most eukaryotic cells is divided into four discrete phases: M, G1, S, and G2.
• 16.2  Embryonic Cell Cycles During early embryonic cell cycles, the cells do not grow, and instead divide into progressively smaller cells.
• 16.3  Checkpoints in the Cell Cycle Several checkpoints function throughout the cell cycle to ensure that complete genomes are transmitted to daughter cells.
• 16.4  Cyclins, Cdks, and the Cell Cycle Maturation promoting factor (MPF)—consisting of cyclin B and Cdk1—regulates the transition from G2 to M phase of the cell cycle.
• 16.5  Mitosis in an Animal Cell Mitosis, which is the division of the nucleus, consists of four phases—prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase—and is followed by the division of the cytoplasm, called cytokinesis.
• 16.6  Cytokinesis in Higher Plants During cell division, a plant cell divides its cytoplasm by depositing Golgi vesicles containing cell-wall precursors at the former site of the metaphase plate, building a larger and larger disc-like structure that grows toward and fuses with the plasma membrane.
• 16.7  Meiosis In meiosis, a cell divides to produce daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
• 16.8  Meiosis I and Mitosis Compared One difference between mitosis and meiosis can be seen at metaphase—in mitosis, homologous chromosomes line up separately on the metaphase plate, whereas in metaphase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes line up in pairs at the metaphase plate.
• 16.9  Prophase I of Meiosis Prophase I of meiosis consists of five stages, during which chromosomes condense and homologous chromosomes pair with each other and recombine.
• 16.10  Polar Body Formation During meiosis in female vertebrates, the meiotic divisions are often unequal, resulting in a single large egg and much smaller polar bodies.

These animations are in Adobe Flash format. These require the Flash player (version 9 or newer recommended), which can be downloaded free of charge from the Adobe website:
http://www.adobe.com/software/flashplayer/