Evolution, Second Edition
Douglas J. Futuyma
April 2009
633 pages, 582 illustrations
casebound
About This Title
Evolution, Second Edition is a comprehensive treatment of contemporary evolutionary biology that is directed toward an undergraduate audience. It addresses major themes—including the history of evolution, evolutionary processes, adaptation, and evolution as an explanatory framework—at levels of biological organization ranging from genomes to ecological communities. Throughout, the text emphasizes the interplay between theory and empirical tests of hypotheses, thus acquainting students with the process of science. Teachers and students will find the list of important concepts and terms in each chapter a helpful guide, and will appreciate the dynamic figures and lively photographs. The content of all chapters has been updated. Contributors Scott V. Edwards and John R. True have once again provided authoritative chapters on, respectively, “Evolution of Genes and Genomes” and “Evolution and Development,” two of the most rapidly developing subjects in evolutionary biology. A final chapter on “Evolutionary Science and Creationism” treats such topics as the nature of science and the practical applications of evolutionary biology.
NEW IN THIS EDITION
- A newly organized chapter on the evolution of sex and its consequences, including sexual selection.
- A greatly rewritten and expanded coverage of the evolution of cooperation and conflict, and of the evolution of human behavior.
- New developments in human genetic variation and selective sweeps revealed by genomic studies; deeper information on genes underlying phenotypic evolution.
- Expanded coverage of the evolution of pathogens and parasites, and its relevance to epidemics of flu (influenza) and other diseases.
- Recent discoveries on gene regulation and the evolution of form and other new findings in evolutionary developmental biology.
- Incorporation of the latest findings in comparative and evolutionary genomics.
- Other significant updates include: changing views on evolutionary constraints, group selection, and speciation; major discoveries in the fossil record; and rethinking the history of changes in diversity.
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About the Author
Douglas J. Futuyma is Distinguished Professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. After earning his B.S. from Cornell University, he undertook graduate studies at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, there completing both his M.S. and Ph.D. (with Lawrence B. Slobodkin) in Zoology. In addition to Evolutionary Biology, now in its third edition, Dr. Futuyma has authored or edited several other books. These include: Coevolution (Sinauer Associates, 1983, edited with M. Slatkin); Science on Trial: The Case for Evolution (Pantheon, 1982; Sinauer Associates, 1995); and Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, Volumes 7-9 (Oxford University Press, 1990, 1992, 1993, edited with J. Antonovics). Dr. Futuyma received the 1997 Sewall Wright Award of the American Society of Naturalists. He has served as President of the Society for the Study of Evolution (1987), the American Society of Naturalists (1994), and the American Institute of Biological Sciences (2007), and was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1996 and the National Academy of Sciences in 2006. Dr. Futuyma has served as Editor of Evolution and is currently Editor of the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. His major research interests include evolution of host specificity in herbivorous insects and of interactions among insects and plants, speciation, and evolution of community structure.
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NEW! eBook
New for the Second Edition, Evolution will be available as an eBook via CourseSmart (www.coursesmart.com/9780878932238), at a substantial discount off the price of the printed textbook. The eBook reproduces the look of the printed book exactly, and is available either online or as a download. Features include convenient tools for searching the text, highlighting passages of text, and adding notes. For more information please contact:
Susan McGlew
mcglew@sinauer.com
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Reviews and Commentary
“Doug Futuyma [makes] me want to be an undergraduate again, so that I can dedicate more hours to poring over the pages of his wonderful text. … it is really a one-stop-shop for up-to-date assessments of what we do and do not know about evolution. … There is hardly a page of this book lacking in skillfully chosen and crafted imagery. … there is a carefully selected beauty here of a kind that could serve to inspire and inform students at so many levels, including those of us who are students for life.”
—Rich Mooi, Integrative and Comparative Biology
“Because it strikes the right balance between breadth and detail, and is conscientiously written with the student in mind, Futuyma's Evolution will resonate in the classroom.”
—Joel Cracraft, American Museum of Natural History
“Beginning with its striking cover, the new second edition of Futuyma's Evolution offers a very significant update from the first edition. The rapid coalescence of subfields in evolutionary biology is well reflected in this new edition, and makes it an ever more valuable tool in teaching the evolutionary synthesis.”
—Olle Pellmyr, University of Idaho
“The new edition of Futuyma's Evolution is not only still the best text in its class; it has been significantly improved with new examples and diagrams that clarify important concepts.”
—Mark V. H. Wilson, University of Alberta
“At Berkeley we have used Doug Futuyma's evolution texts for decades. We find them the most comprehensive, accurate, and well-presented books on the market. His coverage of topics such as the history of the field and macroevolution is not matched in other texts; the level of integration of different evolutionary fields is superior; and his own experience in raising scientific literacy and the public understanding of evolution really comes through.”
—Kevin Padian, University of California, Berkeley
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Media and Supplements
If you have adopted Evolution, Second Edition for course use (within the U.S. or Canada) and are interested in the instructor’s supplements that accompany the text, please contact Susan McGlew, mcglew@sinauer.com. Outside the U.S. and Canada? Check our ordering page for your local distributor.
For the Instructor (Available to qualified adopters)
Instructor’s Resource Library
(ISBN 978-0-87893-360-0)
The Evolution, Second Edition Instructor’s Resource Library includes a variety of resources to help in developing your course and delivering your lectures. The Library includes:
- Textbook Figures and Tables: All the figures (including photographs) and tables from the textbook are provided as JPEGs (both high- and low-resolution), reformatted and relabeled for optimal readability.
- PowerPoint Presentations: For each chapter, all of the chapter’s figures and tables are provided in a ready-to-use PowerPoint presentation, making it easy to quickly insert figures into your own lecture presentations.
- Answers to the textbook end-of-chapter questions
- Companion Website quiz questions
- Companion Website data analysis and simulation exercises, for use in class
NEW! Online Quizzing
Available via the Companion Website, instructors have access to a set of online quizzes that can be used either as assigned homework or as self-study tools. Instructors choose how they want the quizzes to be used by their students, and can quickly see student results in the quiz administration site.
For Students
NEW! Companion Website
www.sinauer.com/evolution
New for the Second Edition, the Evolution Companion Website features review and study tools to help students master the material presented in the textbook. Access to the site is free of charge, and requires no passcode. (Instructor registration is required for student quiz access.) The site includes:
- Chapter Outlines and Summaries: Concise overviews of the important topics covered in each chapter.
- Data Analysis Exercises: Inquiry-based problems designed to sharpen their ability to reason as scientists, drawing on data from real experiments and published papers.
- Simulation Exercises: Interactive modules that allow students to explore many of the dynamic processes of evolution, and answer questions based on the results they observe.
- Online Quizzes: Quizzes that cover all the major concepts introduced in each chapter. These quizzes are assignable by the instructor.
- Flashcards & Key Terms: Easy-to-use activities that help students learn all the key terminology introduced in each chapter.
- The complete Glossary
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Contents
1. Evolutionary Biology
- What Is Evolution?
- Before Darwin
- Charles Darwin
- Darwin’s Evolutionary Theory
- Evolutionary Theories after Darwin
- The Evolutionary Synthesis
- Evolutionary Biology since the Synthesis
- Philosophical Issues
- Ethics, Religion, and Evolution
- Evolution as Fact and Theory
2. The Tree of Life: Classification and Phylogeny
- Classification
- Inferring Phylogenetic History
- Molecular Clocks
- Gene Trees
- Difficulties in Phylogenetic Analysis
- Hybridization and Horizontal Gene Transfer
3. Patterns of Evolution
- Evolutionary History and Classification
- Inferring the History of Character Evolution
- Some Patterns of Evolutionary Change Inferred from Systematics
- Phylogenetic Analysis Documents Evolutionary Trends
- Many Clades Display Adaptive Radiation
- Patterns in Genes and Genomes
4. Evolution in the Fossil Record
- Some Geological Fundamentals
- The Fossil Record
- The Hominin Fossil Record
- Phylogeny and the Fossil Record
- Evolutionary Trends
- Punctuated Equilibria
- Rates of Evolution
5. A History of Life on Earth
- Before Life Began
- The Emergence of Life
- Precambrian Life
- Paleozoic Life: The Cambrian Explosion
- Paleozoic Life: Ordovician to Devonian
- Paleozoic Life: Carboniferous and Permian
- Mesozoic Life
- The Cenozoic Era
6. The Geography of Evolution
- Biogeographic Evidence for Evolution
- Major Patterns of Distribution
- Historical Factors Affecting Geographic Distributions
- Testing Hypotheses in Historical Biogeography
- Phylogeography
- Geographic Range Limits: Ecology and Evolution
- Evolution of Geographic Patterns of Diversity
- Effects of History on Contemporary Diversity Patterns
7. The Evolution of Biodiversity
- Estimating and Modeling Biological Diversity
- Taxonomic Diversity through the Phanerozoic
- Does Species Diversity Reach Equilibrium?
8. The Origin of Genetic Variation
- Genes and Genomes
- Gene Mutations
- Mutation as a Random Process
- Alterations of the Karyotype
9. Variation
- Sources of Phenotypic Variation
- Fundamental Principles of Genetic Variation in Populations
- Genetic Variation in Natural Populations: Individual Genes
- Genetic Variation in Natural Populations: Multiple Loci
- Variation among Populations
10. Genetic Drift: Evolution at Random
- The Theory of Genetic Drift
- Evolution by Genetic Drift
- The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution
- Gene Flow and Genetic Drift
11. Natural Selection and Adaptation
- Adaptations in Action: Some Examples
- The Nature of Natural Selection
- Examples of Natural Selection
- Levels of Selection
- The Nature of Adaptations
- What Not to Expect of Natural Selection and Adaptation
12. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
- Fitness
- Models of Selection
- Polymorphism Maintained by Balancing Selection
- Multiple Outcomes of Evolutionary Change
- The Strength of Natural Selection
- Molecular Signatures of Natural Selection
13. Phenotypic Evolution
- Genetic Architecture of Phenotypic Traits
- Components of Phenotypic Variation
- Genetic Drift or Natural Selection?
- Natural Selection on Quantitative Traits
- What Maintains Genetic Variation in Quantitative Characters?
- Correlated Evolution of Quantitative Traits
- Can Genetics Predict Long-Term Evolution?
- Norms of Reaction
- Genetic Constraints on Evolution
14. The Evolution of Life Histories
- Individual Selection and Group Selection
- Modeling Optimal Phenotypes
- Life History Traits as Components of Fitness
- Trade-Offs
- The Evolution of the Rate of Increase
15. Sex and Reproductive Success
- The Evolution of Mutation Rates
- Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
- The Paradox of Sex
- Sex Ratios and Sex Allocation
- Inbreeding and Outcrossing
- The Concept of Sexual Selection
- Contests between Males and between Sperm
- Sexual Selection by Mate Choice
- Antagonistic Coevolution
- Alternative Mating Strategies
16. Conflict and Cooperation
- Conflict
- Social Interactions and Cooperation
- A Genetic Battleground: The Family
- Genetic Conflict
- Parasitism, Mutualism, and Levels of Organization
- Human Behavior and Human Societies
17. Species
- What Are Species?
- Barriers to Gene Flow
- How Species Are Diagnosed
- Differences among Species
- The Genetic Basis of Reproductive Barriers
- Molecular Divergence among Species
- Hybridization
18. Speciation
- Modes of Speciation
- Allopatric Speciation
- Alternatives to Allopatric Speciation
- Polyploidy and Recombinational Speciation
- How Fast Is Speciation?
- Consequences of Speciation
19. Coevolution: Evolving Interactions among Species
- The Nature of Coevolution
- Phylogenetic Aspects of Species Associations
- Coevolution of Enemies and Victims
- Mutualisms
- The Evolution of Competitive Interactions
20. Evolution of Genes and Genomes
- Genome Diversity and Evolution
- Protein Evolution and Translational Robustness
- Natural Selection across the Genome
- Origin of New Genes
- Evolution of Multigene Families
- Gene and Genome Duplication
21. Evolution and Development
- Hox Genes and the Dawn of Modern EDB
- Types of Evidence in Contemporary EDB
- The Evolving Concept of Homology
- Evolutionarily Conserved Developmental Pathways
- Gene Regulation: A Keystone of Developmental Evolution
- Developmental Constraints and Morphological Evolution
- The Molecular Genetic Basis of Gene Regulatory Evolution
- Toward the EDB of Homo sapiens
22. Macroevolution: Evolution above the Species Level
- Rates of Evolution
- Gradualism and Saltation
- Phylogenetic Conservatism and Change
- The Evolution of Novelty
- Trends and Progress
23. Evolutionary Science and Creationism
- Creationists and Other Skeptics
- Science, Belief, and Education
- The Evidence for Evolution
- Refuting Creationist Arguments
Glossary
Literature Cited
Index
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