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Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience

Dale Purves, Elizabeth M. Brannon, Roberto Cabeza, Scott A. Huettel, Kevin S. LaBar, Michael L. Platt, and Marty Woldorff, all at Duke University

2008
757 pages, 426 illustrations
casebound

About This Title

A free Sylvius 4 download is included with every copy!

Cognitive neuroscience is a new and rapidly evolving field that brings together cognitive psychology and neuroscience, drawing conceptual and technical elements from both these traditional disciplines. This union has been motivated by the exciting possibility of better understanding complex human brain functions that have puzzled thinkers for centuries. The emergence of cognitive neuroscience as a discipline in its own right over the last two decades is thus an expression of what many see as the next logical step for both neuroscience and cognitive psychology, driven by powerful new methods for studying the human brain.

This book, written by seven leaders in the field, is intended to inform readers at all levels about the growing canon of cognitive neuroscience, and to make clear the many challenges that remain to be solved by the next generation. Chapters begin with a brief introduction and end with a summary; in addition to the narrative text, richly illustrated in full color, each chapter includes boxed material on topics of special interest. Extensive references to useful reviews, important original papers, and books are provided. In addition to an appendix that covers the essentials of neural signaling and an extensive glossary of key terms, each copy comes with Sylvius 4, which includes an interactive tutorial on human neuroanatomy and a digital atlas of human brain structure.

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Reviews and Commentary

“I would recommend this book for any researcher in neuroscience or psychology, and I would strongly recommend it for newcomers to the study of cognitive neuroscience and for classroom instruction within this discipline.”
—Scott C. Molitor, JAMA

“This is a spectacular book that no introductory cognitive neuroscience course should be without. Students will find the information enlightening, the research compelling, and the companion software and web site remarkable.”
—Christopher J. Graver, Doody's Book Reviews

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Table of Contents

Introduction: What Is Cognitive Neuroscience?

I. Principles of Neuroscience and Their Importance in Studying Cognitive Functions

1. The Human Nervous System: Structure and Function

• Cellular Components of the Nervous System
• Nerve Cells and Their Signaling Functions
• Functional Organization of the Human Nervous System
• Structural Organization of the Human Nervous System
• Major Subdivisions of the Central Nervous System
• The Brain’s Blood Supply
• Boxes
• Intracellular Recording from Nerve Cells
• Canonical Organization of the Cerebral Cortex
• Anatomical Terminology

2. Relevant Principles of Cognitive Psychology

• Major Themes in Cognitive Psychology
• Perception
• Attention
• Memory
• Emotion and Social Cognition
• Symbolic Representation
• Executive Processing
• Boxes
• Information Theory
• Connectionist Models

3. Exploring Cognitive Processes in Neural Terms

• Brain Perturbations Shed Light on Cognitive Functions
• Measuring Neural Activity during Cognitive Processing
• Assembling Evidence and Delineating Mechanisms
• Box
• Structural Brain Imaging Techniques

II. Principles of Sensory Processing and Perception

4. Overview of Sensory Processing

• Sensory Stimuli
• Initiation of Sensory Processing
• Subcortical Processing
• Cortical Processing
• Organization of the Sensory Cortices
• More Unresolved Issues in Sensory Processing
• Boxes
• Synesthesia
• The Binding Problem

5. The Perception of Visual Stimuli

• Organization of the Visual System
• The Perception of Brightness
• The Perception of Color
• The Perception of Form
• The Perception of Depth
• The Perception of Motion
• The Perception of Objects
• Perceiving Remembered Images
• Boxes
• Measuring Visual or Other Sensory Percepts
• The Inverse Problem
• Random Dot Stereograms

6. The Perception of Auditory Stimuli

• The Human Auditory System
• Sound Stimuli
• Sensitivity and Range of Human Hearing
• Sound Percepts
• Perceiving the Location of Sound Sources
• Other Aspects of Auditory Cortical Processing
• Music and Its Esthetic Effects
• Auditory Objects and Auditory Scene Analysis
• Boxes
• Measuring Loudness: The Decibel
• The Remarkable Success of Cochlear Implants

7. Mechanosensory and Chemosensory Perception

• The Mechanosensory Subsystems
• The Chemosensory Modalities
• Some Additional Questions about Sensory Systems
• Boxes
• Somatic Sensory Illusions
• Phantom Limbs
• The Placebo Effect
• Coding Chemosensory Information

III. Principles of Motor Processing and Motor Behavior

8. Motor Systems and Motor Control

• Motor Control Is Hierarchical
• Regulation of Muscle Force
• Coordination of Movement by the Brainstem
• Cortical Pathways for Motor Control
• Coding Movements by the Activity of Neuronal Populations
• Anticipatory Postural Adjustment and Coordination by the Brainstem
• Organization of the Autonomic Motor System
• Boxes
• Motor Neuron Syndromes
• Motor Control of Facial Expressions

9. Computation and Cognition in the Motor System

• Motor Planning
• Sequential Movements and the Supplementary Motor Areas
• Reference Frames and Coordinate Transformations
• Initiation of Movement by the Basal Ganglia
• Coordination of Movement by the Cerebellum
• Boxes
• Cognitive Functions of the Basal Ganglia
• Canonical Cerebellar Circuitry and Its Role in Cognitive Functions

IV. Principles of Attention

10. Overview of Attention

• The Concept of Attention
• Behavioral Studies of Processing-Capacity Limitations and Attention
• Behavioral Studies of Directing and Focusing Selective Attention
• Attentional Systems in the Brain
• A More General View of Attention
• Box
• Attention and Stimulus Conflict

11. Effects of Attention on Sensory Processing

• The Effects of Auditory Spatial Attention
• The Effects of Visual Spatial Attention
• Combining Electrophysiological and Neuroimaging Studies of Visual Spatial Attention
• The Effects of Attention to Nonspatial Stimulus Attributes
• The Effects of Attention across Sensory Modalities
• Boxes
• Peripheral Gating
• Evidence for Late Attentional Selection
• Attention-Related “Reentrant” Activity

12. Attentional Control and Attentional Systems

• Brain Lesions That Impair Attentional Control
• Brain Activity Related to the Control of Endogenous Attention
• Brain Activity Related to Exogenously Triggered Attention
• Attentional Control as a System of Interacting Brain Areas
• Boxes
• Neural Processes Related to the Coordination of Visual Search
• The Concept of a Default Network

V. Principles of Memory

13. Memory and the Brain: From Cells to Systems

• Memory at the Cellular Level
• Memory at the Brain Systems Level
• A Taxonomy of Memory Systems
• Linking the Cellular and Systems Levels of Memory
• Boxes
• Molecular Mechanisms of LTP and LTD
• Organization of the Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System

14. Declarative Memory

• Subcategories of Declarative Memory
• The Role of the Medial Temporal Lobes
• The Role of the Frontal Lobes in Declarative Memory
• The Role of the Parietal and Posterior Midline Regions in Declarative Memory
• The Role of Sensory Cortices in Declarative Memory
• Boxes
• Declarative Memory Tests for Humans
• Investigating Declarative Memory in Non-Human Animals
• Functional Neuroimaging Methods to Study Episodic Memory
• ERP Studies of Episodic Retrieval

15. Nondeclarative Memory

• Priming
• Skill Learning
• Conditioning
• Boxes
• Explicit Memory Contamination
• Repetition Suppression as a Tool: Adaptation in fMRI Studies

16. Working Memory

• Concepts, Theories, and Methods
• Verbal Working Memory
• Visual Working Memory
• Working Memory in Other Modalities
• The Role of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
• Box
• Working Memory Tasks

VI. Principles of Emotion and Social Cognition

17. Overview of Emotions

• What Is an Emotion?
• Definition of Related Terms: Mood, Affect, and Motivation
• Methodological Issues in Emotion Research
• Psychological Theories of Emotional Organization
• Neurobiological Ideas about the Generation of Emotions
• Contemporary Approaches to the Neurobiology of Emotion
• Boxes
• Ethical Issues in Emotion Research: The Case of Traumatic Memories
• Standardized Tests and Stimulus Databases
• Psychophysiological Indices of Emotional Arousal and Valence

18. Emotional Influences on Cognitive Functions

• The Integrative and Iterative Nature of Emotional Processing
• The Central Role of the Amygdala
• Emotional Influences on Perception
• Emotional Influences on Attention
• Emotional Influences on Memory
• Emotional Influences on Learning
• Emotional Influences on Decision Making
• Boxes
• Stress and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
• Mood and Memory
• Emotion Regulation

19. Social Cognition

• The Self
• Perception of Social Cues Evident in the Face and Body
• Social Categorization
• Understanding the Actions and Emotions of Others
• Boxes
• Social and Emotional Deficits in Autism
• Ways of Measuring Implicit and Explicit Racial Attitudes
• Social Skills in Non-Human Animals

VII. Principles of Symbolic Representation

20. Overview of Speech and Language

• Producing Speech Sounds
• Comprehending Speech Sounds
• Representing Speech Sounds in Written Form
• Acquiring Language
• Theories of Language
• Is Human Language Unique?
• The Origins of Human Language
• Boxes
• Human Vocalizations That Are Not Speech
• Automated Speech Recognition
• Learned Vocal Communication in Non-Human Species

21. The Neural Bases of Language

• The Relation of Language to the Auditory and Motor Systems
• Neural Bases for Producing Language
• Neural Bases for Comprehending Language
• Additional Evidence from Neurosurgical Procedures
• Contributions of the Right Hemisphere to Language
• Noninvasive Studies of Language Organization
• Brain Activity Elicited by Vocalizations in Non-Human Primates
• General Theories about Hemispheric Differences
• Genetic Determination of Language Functions
• Boxes
• Cerebral Dominance
• Dyslexia

22. Representation of Time and Number

• Representation of Time
• Representing Number
• Models of Numerical Representation
• Boxes
• Possible Relationship between the
• Determination of Time and Number
• Models of Human Arithmetic Abilities

VIII. Principles of Executive Processing

23. Executive Control Systems

• What Is Executive Control?
• Early Evidence for the Importance of Prefrontal Cortex in Executive Control
• A Modern Anatomy of Executive Control
• Dorsolateral Prefrontal Control Systems
• Ventromedial Prefrontal Control Systems
• Parietal Control Systems
• Cingulate Control Systems
• Basal Ganglia Control Systems
• Boxes
• Comparative Anatomy of the Prefrontal Cortex
• Environmental Dependency Syndrome

24. Decision Making

• The Phenomenology of Decision Making
• Underlying Neural Mechanisms and Reward Systems
• Neuroeconomics
• Boxes
• Addiction to Gambling
• Uses and Abuses of Work in Neuroeconomics

25. Reasoning and Problem Solving

• Deductive Reasoning
• Inductive Reasoning
• Problem Solving
• Boxes
• Context Effects on Reasoning
• The Role of Frontopolar Cortex
• Problem Solving by Non-Human Animals
• The Neurobiology of Intelligence

IX. Evolution and Development of Cognitive Functions, and the Significance of Consciousness

26. Evolution of Brain and Cognition

• A Brief History of Ideas about the Evolution of Human Cognition
• Evolution of Brain Size
• Relative Brain Size and Cognition
• Relative Brain Size and Cerebral Complexity
• Relative Brain Size and Cognition
• Adaptive Specializations of Brain and Behavior
• Adaptive Specializations More Specifically Related to Cognition
• Engineering a Larger, More Complex Brain
• Boxes
• Darwin and the Brain
• Brain Differences in Modern Humans: Implications for Cognition

27. Development of the Brain and Its Cognitive Functions

• Development of the Nervous System
• Development of Cognitive Abilities Based on Behavior
• Relating Cognitive Changes to Brain Maturation
• Developmental Changes in Particular Cognitive Functions
• Boxes
• Sensory Deprivation Demonstrates Critical Periods in Cortical Development
• Methods Used To Study Infant Cognitive Behavior
• Using Infrared Spectroscopy in Infants

28. Consciousness

• Definitions
• Consciousness as a Physiological State
• Consciousness as Awareness of the World and Self
• Neural Correlates of Consciousness
• Is Consciousness Based on a Novel Neural Mechanism?
• Are Other Animals Aware of World and Self in the Same Way We Are?
• Can Machines be Conscious?
• How Might Consciousness Have Evolved?
• Some General Issues Raised by Studies of Consciousness
• What Does It Mean To Be Human?

Appendix: Primer on Neuronal Signaling
Glossary
Index

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Media and Supplements

Companion Website

Includes chapter outlines, chapter summaries, flash cards, online quizzes, and animations.

Instructor's Resource CD (ISBN 978-0-87893-667-0)

The IRCD includes: figures from the textbook; the animations and online quizzes from the Companion Website; and selected images from Sylvius 4.

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Pricing and Options

Titles	Product Code	Price (USD)
Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience	978-0-87893-694-6	$107.95	Purchase	Request Exam Copy
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