Chapter 12 Outline

Birth Control Has a Long History

• Feminists Led the Campaign to Legalize Contraception
• Box 12.1: Sex in History: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement
• Contraception Has Not Yet Solved the Problem of Unwanted Births
• Different Users Have Different Contraceptive Needs

Study questions: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

Physical Methods Block Sperm Transport

• Male Condoms Are Reliable When Properly Used
• Female Condoms Are Relatively Intrusive
• Diaphragms and Cervical Caps Are Inconvenient but Have Few Side Effects
• Box 12.2: Sexual Health: How to Use a Diaphragm
• Spermicides Are Not Very Reliable When Used Alone
• Intrauterine Devices Require Little Attention

Study questions: 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30

Hormone-Based Methods Are Easy to Use

• Combination Pills Offer Health Benefits
• Continuous Use of Combination Pills Eliminates Menstrual Periods
• Progestin-Only Pills Have Fewer Side Effects

Study questions: 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41

Hormones Can Be Administered by Non-Oral Routes

• Depo-Provera Lasts Three Months
• Transdermal Patches Last a Week
• Vaginal Rings Last Three Weeks
• Implants Are Extremely Reliable

Study questions: 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53

Behavioral Methods Can Be Demanding

• In Fertility Awareness Methods, Couples Avoid the Fertile Window
• The Withdrawal Method Is Simple but Challenging
• Noncoital Sex Can Be Used as a Means of Avoiding Pregnancy

Study questions: 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64

There Are Contraceptive Options after Unprotected Coitus

Study questions: 65

Sterilization Is Highly Reliable

• Vasectomy Is a Brief Outpatient Procedure
• Tubal Sterilization Is More Invasive and Expensive

Study questions: 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73

Disabled Persons Have Special Contraceptive Needs

Study questions: 74

There Is Active Research into New Contraceptive Methods

Study questions: 75

Several Safe Abortion Procedures Are Available

• Box 12.3: Society, Values, and the Law: Abortion in the United States: Some Key Statistics
• Vacuum Aspiration Is the Standard First-Trimester Surgical Method
• Dilation and Evacuation Is Used Early in the Second Trimester
• Induced Labor and Hysterotomy Are Performed Late in the Second Trimester
• Medical Abortions Are Two-Step Procedures
• Abortions Do Not Cause Long-Lasting Ill-Effects

Study questions: 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83

Americans Are Divided on Abortion, but Most Favor Restricted Availability

• The Abortion Debate Focuses on Specific Issues
• The Availability of Abortion Varies by Location

Study questions: 84 | 85 | 86 | 87

Some Countries Use Birth Control to Regulate Population Growth

Study questions: 88