New_Head(1, ' Why Study Human Sexuality? pp. 3–6');
New_Question('In its earliest usage, the term ', 4, 4, 'gender', 'coitus', 'orientation', 'sex', ' referred solely to the biological/anatomic fact of being a male or a female.')
New_Question('The sexual anatomy of ', 0, 'intersexed', ' people is ambiguous, or intermediate between male and female.')
New_Question('By the late-nineteenth century the word sex was applied to the wide topic of genital anatomy and genital ', 0, 'physiology_function', '. By the mid-twentieth century the word sex had been broadened further to include sexual attraction and sexual ', 0, 'behavior', '. Sex was no longer just an anatomical classification, but it also now was described as a ', 0, 'phenomenon_or_process', '.')
New_Question('“Persons of either ', 0, 'gender', '” has recently been used as a genteel alternative to the term “persons of either sex.”')
New_Question('In the context of the textbook, the word “', 4, 1, 'gender', 'coitus', 'orientation', 'sex', '” is used to describe the many and various cognitive, behavioral, and personality traits that tend to differ between the sexes.')
New_Question('The word ', 0, 'sexuality', ' assumes an understanding of not only sexual behavior, but also sexual relationships, ', 0, 'sexual identities', ', and issues related to gender.')
New_Question('Although most sexual behavior occurs in the context of a ', 0, 'relationship', ', some does not. ', 0, 'Masturbation', ' is an example of a sexual behavior that does not require a partner (although it can occur in the context of a relationship, or there may be an ', 0, 'imagined', ' partner).')
New_Question('By definition, a sexual relationship lasts for ', 5, 5, 'minutes', 'hours', 'days', 'years', 'any period', '.')
New_Question('Sexual relationships are enormously ', 0, 'diverse', ' in their basic characteristics: They may be brief or enduring, they may be motivated by physical attraction, emotional factors, or other motives, such as a desire to be a ', 0, 'parent', ' or for ', 0, 'economic', ' purposes. They may be approved by society or disapproved of, or illegal.')
New_Question('The textbook identifies three major characteristics of sexual relationships across human societies: 1. They are very ', 0, 'diverse', '; 2. real sexual relationships are not ', 0, 'ideal', '; and 3. sexual relationships take place within a ', 4, 1, 'moral', 'legal', 'social', 'religious/political', ' context.')
New_Question('', 0, 'Identity', ' is the subjective sense of self, and is often linked to belonging in a particular social group. More specifically, the subjective sense of belonging to a particular sex is termed ', 0, 'gender identity', '.')
New_Question('Individuals who experience a sense of mismatch between their anatomical sex and their gender ', 3, 1, 'identity', 'role', 'body', ' are said to be ', 0, 'transgendered_transexual', ' or ', 0, 'transexual_transgendered', '.')
New_Question('', 4, 2, 'Identity', 'Sexual orientation', 'Gender identity', 'Transexual', ' addresses the degree to which an individual is attracted to a person of the same sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes. A person who is attracted to both sexes is generally referred to as ', 0, 'bisexual', '.')
New_Question('It is largely people belonging to a socially ', 2, 2, 'advantaged', 'disadvantaged', ' minority orientation who consider their sexual orientation to be central part of their identity.')
New_Head(1, ' There Are Many Approaches to the Study of Sexuality, pp. 6–19');
New_Question('In recent years research interest in human sexuality has ', 2, 2, 'decreased', 'remained the same/increased', '. This has, in part, been due to a ', 2, 1, 'greater', 'lesser', ' social acceptability of the topic, and ', 2, 1, 'increased', 'decreased', ' awareness of the social and economic issues related to sex.')
New_Question('Which of the following types of biomedical scientists have not generally been involved in the study of sexuality? ', 6, 6, 'Anatomists', 'Endocrinologists', 'Neuroscientists', 'Pathologists', 'Microbiologists', 'All of the above', ' ')
New_Question('The study of the mechanisms by which sex is determined is mostly the subject matter of ', 5, 3, 'microbiologists', 'endocrinologists', 'geneticists', 'physicists', 'None of the above', '.')
New_Question('', 0, 'Masters and Johnson', ' contributed significantly to our understanding of the human physiological sexual response. They studied this by both observing volunteers engaging in ', 0, 'sexual behavior_sex', ' and through visual observation and ', 0, 'recording instruments', ' that evaluated physiological systems. Along with the use of conventional instruments to evaluate blood pressure and respiration rate, they also constructed ', 0, 'specifically designed', ' devices to record penile erection, ', 0, 'vaginal engorgement', ', and anal sphincter contractions.')
New_Question('Masters and Johnson published their research findings in 1966 in a book entitled ', 3, 2, 'Psychopathia Sexualis', 'Human Sexual Response', 'Human Sexual Inadequancy', '. Although very comprehensive in its findings, these researchers faced considerable criticism that the book deemphasized ', 0, 'relationships_and_love', '. A follow-up publication in 1970 called ', 3, 3, 'Psychopathia Sexualis', 'Human Sexual Response', 'Human Sexual Inadequancy', ' outlined sexual techniques to improve the lives of men and women who suffered from sexual problems.')
New_Question('The term “prurient” means ', 4, 4, 'arousing healthy sexual reactions', 'being indifferent to sex', 'suffering from a sexual disorder', 'arousing an unwholesome interest in sex', '.')
New_Question('The fields of ', 0, 'Endocrinology_Neuropharmacology', ' and ', 0, 'Endocrinology_Neurophamacology', ' involve the study of the body&rsquo;s chemical messengers. Both fields have significantly impacted sexuality, and the textbook outlines five examples of this, such as:<ul><li>The discovery of ', 4, 3, 'pituitary secretions', 'neurotransmitters', 'sex hormones', 'Viagra ', ' last century, which led to the development of oral ', 0, 'contraceptives', ', in vitro fertilization treatments for breast and prostate cancer, and drugs that', 3, 3, 'increase', 'decrease', 'both increase and decrease', ' sex drive.</li><li>The identification of the chemical mechanisms of ', 0, 'penile erections', ', which led to the introduction of ', 0, 'sildenafil (Viagra)', ' for the treatment of ', 3, 2, 'premature ejaculation', 'erectile dysfunction', 'depression', ' in men.</li><li>The identification of ', 0, 'neurotransmitters', ', such as serotonin which have been implicated in compulsive sexual desires and behaviors, such as ', 0, 'exhibitionism', ' and ', 0, 'voyeurism', '.</li><li>The identification of hormones that regulate the ', 4, 2, 'vaginal secretions', 'pituitary secretions', 'erectile dysfunction', 'female orgasm', ', which had led to the development of drugs that can treat precocious and delayed ', 0, 'puberty', '.</li><li>Identification of the signaling mechanisms that regulate ', 3, 1, 'childbirth', 'puberty', 'menopause', ', which has led to the development of drugs that can both inhibit and induce ', 0, 'labor', '.</li></ul>')
New_Question('Animals other than humans have contributed not only to an understanding of human sexuality, but also to an understanding of sexual behavior in these animals themselves. Researchers have observed them ', 2, 1, 'changing sex', 'changing partners', ', those that are ', 4, 4, 'bisexual', 'homosexual', 'heterosexual', 'All of the above', ', those that have sex for ', 2, 2, 'love', 'pleasure', ', animals that are ', 2, 1, 'both', 'neither', ' sex at once, and those that have sex frequently or not at all. Based on this tremendous variety, it is clear that sexuality is a product of its own ', 0, 'evolutionary', ' history.')
New_Question('', 0, 'Psychiatry', ' is the branch of medicine that addresses mental and behavioral disorders. The contribution of this area to sex research has been controversial primarily because little is actually known about how the ', 0, 'brain', ' generates mental states. In light of this, theories have both ', 0, 'speculative', ' and variable.')
New_Question('Hirschfeld believed that during development sexual orientation was biased toward male or female through the actions of ', 0, 'sex hormones_steroids_hormones', ' in conjunction with a ', 0, 'genetic', ' predisposition.')
New_Question('Richard von Krafft-Ebing&rsquo;s book ', 0, 'Psychopathia Sexualis_psychopathia sexualis', ' exemplifies the early medical model of sexual &ldquo;deviations&rdquo; in terms of health and ', 0, 'disease', '. Krafft-Ebing dwelled on case histories of pedophilia, ', 0, 'necro', 'philia (a sexual fixation on corpses), ', 0, 'copro', 'philia (a sexual fixation on feces), and other &ldquo;deviations,&rdquo; such as homosexuality and sadism. ', 0, 'Jack the Ripper', ' was one of his ', 3, 1, 'sexual murder', 'sadism', 'masochism', ' case histories.')
New_Question('Some sexual aberrations and behaviors are listed among the psychiatric disorders identified in the American Psychiatric Association&rsquo;s <em>DSM</em>, which stands for &ldquo;', 0, 'Diagnostic_diagnostic', ' and ', 0, 'Statistical_statistical', ' ', 0, 'Manual_manual', ' of Mental Disorders.&rdquo; One significant recent change in the <em>DSM</em>, however, is the stipulation that most sexual conditions are not considered ', 0, 'disorders_diseases_illnesses', ' unless they cause the person to experience ', 0, 'distress_unhappiness', '.')
New_Question('Homosexuality ', 2, 2, 'does', 'does not', ' appear among the psychiatric disorders listed in the <em>DSM</em>.')
New_Question('Psychology is the study of ', 0, 'behavior', ' and mental processes, while ', 0, 'social psychology', ' is the study of how we think about, influence, and relate to other people. ', 0, 'Social', ' psychologists have researched all kinds of sexual matters, including sexual attraction and sexual ', 0, 'relationships', ', ', 0, 'gender', ' differences, homosexuality, ', 0, 'sexual assault', ' or rape, intimate partner ', 0, 'violence', ', and antigay prejudice.')
New_Question('Early research conducted by social psychologists Malamuth and others found that when exposed to images of ', 4, 3, 'pornography', 'attractive women', 'sexual violence', 'trauma', ', male students reported more accepting attitudes towards ', 4, 3, 'pornography', 'attractive women', 'sexual violence', 'trauma', ' than did men in the ', 0, 'control', ' group.')
New_Question('', 0, 'Psychobiologists_Biological psychologists', ' occupy the interface between psychology and biology, especially neuroscience and ', 0, 'endocrinology', '. Their research subjects tend to be ', 4, 2, 'humans', 'animals', 'All of the above', 'None of the above', '.')
New_Question('', 0, 'Psychobiologists', ' often study sexual behavior in laboratory animals such as rats, rather than humans because their experiments may involve ', 0, 'risk', ' to participants or may require the ', 0, 'killing', ' of the animal to analyze the ', 0, 'brain', ' or other systems.')
New_Question('Positron-emission tomography or ', 0, 'PET', ' scanning has shown the pattern of brain activity that occurs during ', 3, 1, 'orgasm', 'intercourse', 'masturbation', '.')
New_Question('', 0, 'Cultural', ' psychologists are concerned with the effects of ethnic and ', 0, 'cultural', ' diversity on thought, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. This area overlaps considerably with the area of ', 0, 'anthropology', '. The prime research method employed is ', 3, 1, 'fieldwork', 'experiments', 'observation', '. A pioneer in this area was ', 0, 'Margaret Mead', ', who studied sexuality and gender differences among some Pacific Island societies.')
New_Question('The Sambia engage in highly ritualized ', 0, 'homosexual practices', '. In this culture it is believed that ', 0, 'puberty', ' is triggered in boys by the repeated ingestion of ', 4, 4, 'tobacco', 'blood', 'urine', 'semen', '. Prior to ', 0, 'puberty', ', boys are removed from their families and for about ten years are housed together in a separate group. During this period they engage in secret daily rituals of ', 3, 3, 'intercourse', 'bathing', 'fellatio', '. Younger boys initially take the ', 2, 2, 'insertive', 'receptive', ' role, but as they age they assume the ', 2, 2, 'insertive', 'receptive', ' role. Upon completion of ', 0, 'puberty', ' they leave the group and take wives. This long period of compulsory and exclusive homosexual behavior ', 2, 2, 'affects', 'does not affect', ' their ultimate sexual orientation.')
New_Question('A cross-cultural approach to the study of sexuality ', 2, 2, 'cannot', 'can', ' be performed entirely within the United States.')
New_Question('', 2, 1, 'Native Americans', 'Hispanics', ' assign a special spiritual role to transgendered individuals, and ', 2, 2, 'Native Americans', 'Hispanics', ' may be influenced by ', 0, 'machismo', ', which emphasizes stereotypical masculinity.')
New_Question('Penile-vaginal intercourse has been engaged in by about ', 5, 2, '11', '27', '51', '72', '93', ' percent of Asian-American high school students, compared with ', 5, 4, '11', '27', '51', '72', '93', ' percent of African-American students, illustrating differences that are probably ', 4, 3, 'hardwired', 'learned', 'culturally determined', 'spiritual', '.')
New_Question('While very diverse across cultures, some aspects of human sexuality are very ', 0, 'consistent', ' from one society to another. For example, ', 0, 'homosexuality', ' rates seem to be similar from one society to another. ', 3, 3, 'Genital size', 'Reproductive success', 'Facial beauty', ' appears to be judged similarly across cultures, and public exposure of ', 3, 1, 'women&rsquo;s genitals', 'men&rsquo;s genitals', 'children&rsquo;s genitals', ' is prohibited in most cultures.')
New_Question('Because reproduction is far more demanding for ', 2, 2, 'males', 'females', ', they have evolved genes that make them picky in their choice of mates. ', 2, 1, 'Males', 'females', ' have evolved genes that make them competitive, in the hope of influencing the ', 2, 1, 'females&rsquo;', 'males&rsquo;', ' choice.')
New_Question('Research has shown ', 2, 2, 'women', 'men', ' are more likely to engage in a risky behavior such as crossing a busy street in the presence of a ', 2, 1, 'woman', 'man', '. However, the presence of a ', 2, 1, 'male', 'female', ' does not influence whether a woman will do the same. This sex difference is probably caused by a ', 2, 2, 'female', 'male', ' urge to engage in a ', 4, 1, 'sexual display', 'forced copulation', 'suicide act', 'stupidity display', '.')
New_Question('Problems that interfere with the enjoyment of sex are treated by ', 5, 2, 'clinical psychologists', 'sex therapists', 'health psychologists', 'physicians', 'marriage and family counselors', ', whereas problems that adversely affect intimate relationships are the specialty of ', 5, 5, 'clinical psychologists', 'sex therapists', 'health psychologists', 'physicians', 'marriage and family counselors', '. More generally, ', 5, 1, 'clinical psychologists', 'sex therapists', 'health psychologists', 'physicians', 'marriage and family counselors', ' deal with a wide variety of emotional and personality problems that often have a sexual element, whereas ', 5, 3, 'clinical psychologists', 'sex therapists', 'health psychologists', 'physicians', 'marriage and family counselors', ' address the impact that illness and disease may have on sexuality.')
New_Question('', 0, 'Sociology', ' is the scientific study of society. Sociologists link the sexual behavior of ', 0, 'individuals', ' to larger social structures, such as ', 0, 'race_age_culture_religion_political beliefs', '.')
New_Question('Social scientists often take a(n) ', 4, 4, 'orthographic', 'topographic', 'sexographic', 'demographic', ' perspective on sexuality, which may involve collecting data by means of ', 0, 'sex', ' surveys.')
New_Question('The most famous sex surveys were conducted by a zoologist named ', 0, 'Alfred Kinsey_Kinsey', ' who sampled the sex lives of ', 4, 4, '700', '1700', '7000', '17,000', ' men and women in the United States.')
New_Question('Kinsey&rsquo;s surveys challenged then-prevailing notions of sexual diversity. For example, he found that at least ', 4, 4, '7', '17', '27', '37', ' percent of men reported having had at least one sexual contact with another male resulting in ', 3, 1, 'fellatio /orgasm', 'intercourse', 'penetration', '. The surveys also revealed that masturbation was much ', 2, 1, 'more', 'less', ' frequent in better-educated, professional Americans.')
New_Question('To encourage honesty in reporting, Kinsey protected interviewee ', 0, 'confidentiality', '. His results were published in ', 3, 2, 'one', 'two', 'three', ' data-rich volumes, which outlined sexual behavior in men and women. Some of his findings have been challenged however. As his interviewees tended to be ', 0, 'white_educated', ' and perhaps a more ', 0, 'sexually adventurous_free-thinking', ' group, his sample may not have been very ', 0, 'representative', ' of the U.S. population. In light of this, some of his data is no longer considered ', 3, 3, 'useful', 'specific', 'reliable', '.')
New_Question('Although the National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS) has been a key source of demographic information about the sex lives of Americans, it also has several shortcomings. It surveyed too ', 4, 2, 'many', 'few', 'normal', 'abnormal', ' subjects to provide reliable information about some small minorities. It also failed to sample ', 4, 4, 'young', 'old', 'nonwhite', 'young and old', ' people and perhaps ', 3, 1, 'underestimated', 'overestimated', 'didn&rsquo;t sample', ' stigmatized factors like homosexuality and abortion. It is also now more than ', 3, 3, '5', '10', '15', ' years old.')
New_Question('The General Social Survey is a(n) ', 3, 2, 'Canadian', 'American', 'European', ' survey that includes questions about sexuality. It collects data ', 3, 2, 'biannually', 'annually', 'every five years', '. The primary British sex survey is called the ', 0, 'National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles_NSSAL', '.')
New_Question('Magazine-sponsored surveys have revealed some interesting findings about current U.S. sex practices. For example, men rate their partner&rsquo;s ', 5, 2, 'income', 'looks', 'legs', 'buttocks', 'breasts', ' as the most powerful turn-on, while women rate their partner&rsquo;s ', 4, 3, 'income', 'shoulders', 'kindness', 'body', ' as first.')
New_Question('One prominent social-science perspective, the ', 0, 'script', ' theory approach, argues that social structures of various sorts (like families, cultures, and laws) induce people to act like performers in a play.')
New_Question('Eggermont found that television viewing ', 2, 2, 'strengthened', 'lessened', ' girls&rsquo; belief a romantic strategy to obtain sexual contacts, while it ', 2, 1, 'strengthened', 'lessened', ' boys&rsquo; belief in this strategy. It seems that television viewing familiarized boys&rsquo; and girls&rsquo; beliefs in the sexual scripts thought to be ', 2, 2, 'least', 'most', ' effective with the other sex.')
New_Question('The term &ldquo;feminism&rdquo; refers to the belief that women are entitled to the same ', 5, 4, 'social', 'economic', 'political', 'All of the above', 'None of the above', ' rights as men.')
New_Question('Margaret Sanger, an early feminist, championed the right of women to ', 4, 1, 'use contraceptives', 'vote', 'education', 'social freedom', '.')
New_Question('A dominant idea of the feminist perspective of the 1970s held that sex differences  are ', 4, 2, 'hardwired in the brain', 'entirely established by learning and culture', 'All of the above', 'None of the above', '.')
New_Question('Camille Paglia argues that sex differences are largely innate and ', 0, 'biologically', ' determined. She views the influence of ', 0, 'society_social processes_culture', ' as being a modification of these hardwired predispositions.')
New_Question('The ', 4, 3, 'first', 'second', 'third', 'fourth', ' wave of feminism occurred in the 1980s. This form of feminism is now much ', 2, 1, 'more', 'less', ' diverse than earlier versions.')
New_Question('The study of sex is sometimes called ', 0, 'sexology', '. The broader and more widely understood term is ', 0, 'sex research', '.')
New_Question('In the United States, the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality or ', 0, 'SSSS_Quad-S', ' publishes the ', 0, 'Journal of Sex Research', ' and other periodicals. Other organizations, such as the ', 0, 'American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors and Therapists_AASECT_Society for Sex Therapy and Research_SSTAR', ' certify education programs in sex education and ', 0, 'therapy', '.')
New_Question('Two international organizations oversee sex research globally. The ', 2, 1, 'International Academy of Sex Research', 'World Association of Sexual Health', ' publishes the journal <em>Archives of Sexual Behavior</em> and the ', 2, 1, 'World Association for Sexual Health', 'International Academy of Sex Research', ' has issued the Universal Declaration of Sexual Rights. ', 2, 1, 'Both', 'Neither', ' hold annual meetings.')
New_Head(1, ' Sex Education Faces Significant Obstacles, pp. 20&ndash;22');
New_Question('Religious conservatives may oppose sex education programs in schools for a variety of reasons including the belief that premarital ', 0, 'abstinence', ' is a moral requirement, the belief that sex is a ', 0, 'private', ' matter, or that sex education ', 4, 2, 'disrespects', 'legitimizes', 'formalizes', 'suppresses', ' sexual activity. Because of this type of political pressure fostering an abstinence approach to sex education, 1 in ', 5, 2, '1', '2', '4', '10', '20', ' American teenagers receive no education about contraception and only ', 3, 3, '2', '10', '14', '% of U.S. school districts have comprehensive sex education programs.')
New_Question('In recent years the U.S. government has directed federal sex education funding into ', 2, 1, 'abstinence-only', 'comprehensive', ' programs. Under these programs nonreproductive sex practices, abortion, homosexuality, and contraception ', 2, 2, 'within', 'outside', ' of marriage ', 2, 2, 'must', 'cannot', ' be discussed. In some states, such as ', 0, 'California_Pennsylvania', ', sex education is ', 2, 1, 'more comprehensive', 'abstinence-only', '.')
New_Question('The Canadian federal government has established sex education guidelines that are far more ', 2, 2, 'conservative', 'liberal', ' than those of the United States. Adolescent sexuality is considered to be a ', 3, 3, 'peripheral', 'unimportant', 'central', ' and ', 2, 1, 'positive', 'negative', ' part of the total well-being of young people. Teaching about contraception, homosexuality, transgender issues, and abortion is ', 3, 2, 'ignored', 'encouraged', 'discouraged', '.')
New_Question('Research has shown abstinence-only programs ', 3, 1, 'have little or no effect on teens&rsquo; sexual behavior', 'cause teens to delay sexual activity', 'make teens more likely to use contraception', '.')
New_Question('Teen pregnancy rates in the United States have ', 3, 3, 'remained the same', 'been steadily increasing', 'been steadily decreasing', '. This change is due in part to a global trend of improved ', 4, 1, 'contraceptive use', 'virginity programs', 'education programs', 'threats and intimidation', '. Rates in the United States are ', 2, 2, 'below', 'above', ' those of many other countries.')
New_Question('In places such as Uganda, sexual abstinence and monogamy programs have been successful in ', 3, 2, 'preventing pregnancy', 'reducing HIV infection', 'reducing abortion', '.')
New_Question('Teens have been found to delay sexual activity when exposed to ', 4, 2, 'abstinence-only', 'comprehensive', 'religious', 'mature', ' sex education programs. Teens that commence sexual activity are more likely to use contraception if they have been through ', 4, 2, 'abstinence-only', 'comprehensive', 'religious', 'mature', ' sex education programs.')
New_Question('An ethical tradition that discourages many sexual practices is said to be ', 0, 'sex-negative', ', whereas traditions that encourage certain sexual practices are termed ', 0, 'sex-positive', '.')
New_Question('Historically, Christian sexual traditions were ', 4, 1, 'sex-negative', 'sex-positive', 'a mixture of sex-negative and sex-positive', 'neither sex-negative nor sex-positive', ', whereas those of the Mangaians were ', 4, 2, 'sex-negative', 'sex-positive', 'a mixture of sex-negative and sex-positive', 'neither sex-negative nor sex-positive', '. Contemporary U.S. culture is considered to be ', 4, 3, 'sex-negative', 'sex-positive', 'a mixture of sex-negative and sex-positive', 'neither sex-negative nor sex-positive', '.')