New_Head(1, ' Can Money Buy You Love? pp. 617–620');
New_Question('Prostitution is an unvarnished and ', 0, 'extreme', ' form of the normal state of sexual relationships, in which wealth from males is traded for ', 0, 'sex', ' with women. What most find morally offensive is that the client–prostitute relationship ', 4, 4, 'is brief and loveless', 'exists outside of a loving and committed relationship', 'is payment just for sex and little else', 'All of the above', '.')
New_Question('A ', 4, 2, 'hustler', 'prostitute', 'sex trader', 'sex worker', ' is a person (of either sex) who engages in sex for money. Terms like “hooker” and “', 0, 'whore', '” have been reclaimed by present-day ', 0, 'prostitutes', ' as self-descriptors. ', 4, 1, 'Hustler', 'prostitutes', 'sex trader', 'sex worker', ' is a term used to describe males who engage in sex for money. A ', 4, 3, 'hustler', 'prostitute', 'sex trader', 'sex worker', ' is a broader term for a person who exchanges sex for money, drugs, or other benefits—an even broader term is ', 4, 4, 'hustler', 'prostitute', 'sex trader', 'sex worker', ', who engages in a variety of sex-related occupations.')
New_Question('Prostitution has been a source of income for women for millennia: for instance, female prostitutes called ', 0, 'harlots', ' were repeatedly mentioned in ancient Jewish and Christian writings. To Christian moralists, prostitution was considered to be ', 0, 'fornication', ' and thus sinful, but St. Thomas ', 0, 'Aquinas', ' and other moralists deemed it to serve a useful outlet or ', 0, 'safety', ' valve for male ', 0, 'sexual', ' energy.')
New_Question('During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries there were large migrations of men to ', 0, 'cities', ', driving up the demand for women. Conditions for prostitutes were often terrible and William Booth founded the ', 0, 'Salvation Army', ' in ', 4, 3, 'New York', 'Philadelphia', 'London', 'Toronto', ' in 1865 and started providing shelter for prostitutes soon thereafter. Most U.S. cities developed “', 0, 'red-light', '” districts, ', 3, 2, 'all', 'some', 'none', ' of which were legal. They flourished until various social and health concerns forced prostitution underground around the time of the ', 3, 2, 'Great Depression', 'First World War', 'Second World War', '.')
New_Question('In the space of a few decades prior to Kinsey’s surveys in the 1940s and 1950s, prostitution in the United States dropped by an estimated ', 4, 4, '20', '30', '40', '50', '% probably because of the greater availability of ', 4, 3, 'pornography', 'masturbation', 'unmarried women willing to have sex', 'wives', '. Kinsey estimated that a single man in his 30s on average visited a prostitute ', 4, 4, 'once in his life', 'five times in his life', 'once every 9 months', 'once every 3 weeks', '.')
New_Question('An additional large decline in prostitution around the 1960s was attributable to the ', 0, 'sexual', ' revolution and the invention of the ', 0, 'pill_birth control pill_oral contraceptive', ', which made women much more willing to have sex. Also, the increase in women ', 3, 3, 'getting married', 'going to college', 'entering the labor force', ' resulted in fewer women needing to turn to prostitution. Prostitution declined at the same time opposition to prostitution ', 2, 2, 'increased', 'declined', '.')
New_Question('A recent survey in Chicago suggests that less than 1 in ', 4, 4, '70', '100', '600', '1000', ' women there derive income from prostitution. In San Francisco about ', 4, 3, '2–3', '10–15', '20–30', '30–50', '% of prostitutes are male and ', 4, 3, '3', '15', '25', '40', ' are male-to-female transgenders. All forms of prostitution are illegal in the United States except in parts of rural ', 4, 3, 'Georgia', 'New York', 'Nevada', 'Alaska', ' and Rhode Island. Enforcement is based on ', 4, 1, 'degree of visibility', 'costs of service', 'STD rates at the time', 'All of the above', '. In Canada and Britain ', 4, 4, 'off-street, non-brothel prostitution is legal', 'public solicitation for prostitution is illegal', 'pimping is not illegal', 'All of the above', '.')
New_Question('In Southern India religious prostitutes are called ', 0, 'devadasi', '; most are associated with the ', 0, 'temple', ' of Yellamma. Early in childhood a young girl is ', 0, 'dedicated', ' and after that begins prostitution once she ', 4, 2, 'is 12', 'is fertile', 'is 16', 'has obtained permission from her father', '. Historically, the religious significance of temple prostitution was associated with ', 0, 'fertility', ' rites and included educated women and some women of ', 0, 'royal', ' blood, but today it represents the degraded remnants of such—most of these women come from the ', 4, 3, 'slave trade', 'impoverished daughters of prostitutes', 'most destitute ranks of Indian society', 'families of immigrant workers', '. While this form of prostitution is typically associated with India, it has been common all over the world.')
New_Head(1, ' There Is a Hierarchy of Prostitution, pp. 620–626');
New_Question('In the survey of Chicago prostitution about ', 4, 2, '10–20', '30–35', '35–50', '50–65', '% of prostitutes were found to be street prostitutes; these workers receive ', 3, 1, 'the least', 'the most', 'average', ' pay. They ', 2, 1, 'only sometimes', 'always', ' use condoms. A survey of HIV status found that among male prostitutes in Harlem, about ', 4, 4, '10', '20', '30', '40', '% are HIV-positive. Many prostitutes have experienced a lifetime of degradation and use drugs and alcohol liberally. In one British study ', 4, 1, 'all', 'some', 'a few', 'none', ' of the prostitutes studied were alcohol- or drug-dependent.')
New_Question('', 3, 2, 'Few', 'Most', 'All', ' prostitutes come from poor and disadvantaged backgrounds and minorities are ', 2, 1, 'overrepresented', 'underrepresented', ' in the population. The majority of female street prostitutes are ', 0, 'mothers', ' and often do not avail themselves of social services for fear they could be deemed unfit and lose their ', 4, 1, 'children', 'dignity', 'social assistance', 'husbands', '.')
New_Question('Hustlers, or ', 0, 'male prostitutes', ', tend to be ', 3, 1, 'younger', 'older', 'neither younger nor older', ' than their female or transgendered counterparts and they tend to spend ', 2, 1, 'more', 'less', ' time with clients. Female prostitutes make ', 3, 1, 'more', 'less', 'the same', ' money overall.')
New_Question('The nonfinancial aspects of prostitution work out better for ', 2, 2, 'women', 'men', '. They are much less likely to be beaten or raped by a client than are ', 2, 2, 'men', 'women', '. They ', 0, 'cannot', ' become pregnant and generally ', 2, 2, 'do', 'do not', ' have children to worry about. Male prostitutes get ', 2, 2, 'less', 'more', ' sexual enjoyment and experience orgasm ', 2, 2, 'less', 'more', ' often in the course of their work than do ', 2, 2, 'men', 'women', '. Most ', 2, 2, 'female', 'male', ' prostitutes describe themselves as homosexual or bisexual but approximately ', 0, '13', '% describe themselves as heterosexual.')
New_Question('Traditionally prostitutes have worked for ', 0, 'pimps', ' who controlled the trade and offered protection in return for a cut of the prostitute’s earnings. Pimps have ', 3, 1, 'almost vanished', 'continued to be important for M-2-F prostitutes', 'made a comeback', '; the San Francisco survey reported that ', 4, 1, '4', '14', '24', '44', '% of female prostitutes worked for pimps. The role of pimps has ', 3, 2, 'largely been taken over by the women themselves who are now “self employed”', 'has been taken over by gang members', 'decreased as the streets are now much safer for prostitutes', '.')
New_Question('It is not unusual for prostitutes to deceive their clients. Approximately ', 4, 2, 'one-quarter', 'one-half', 'two-thirds', 'three-quarters', ' of the prostitutes in one study said they had conned their clients in some way. Transgendered prostitutes frequently deceive their clients about their ', 0, 'anatomical', ' sex but in some cases transgendered prostitutes do not always need to be deceptive because there are men (who refer to them as ', 0, 'she-males', ') who are specifically attracted to them. If a client finds out a transgendered prostitute is not actually a woman, a ', 2, 1, 'minority', 'majority', ' of clients act violently in reaction.')
New_Question('Homeless or runaway youths form a ', 3, 1, 'small', 'moderate', 'large', ' proportion of the population of prostitutes. It is not clear whether programs aimed at reducing youth prostitution have reduced it or ', 3, 2, 'increased it', 'driven it underground', 'moved it to the suburbs', '.')
New_Question('Massage parlors are a common location for prostitution in ', 0, 'suburban', ' areas and offer various services especially hand–genital stimulation or “', 0, 'massage', '” in the parlance of the business. At exotic dance venues or “', 0, 'strip joints', '” dancers may provide sex by rubbing their bodies against the customer’s genitalia during a ', 0, 'lap dance', '. Alternatively, sex may take place in a VIP room off-site or after the show. In the United States, actual brothels are chiefly found in rural areas of ', 4, 4, 'California', 'Florida', 'Illinois', 'Nevada', ' where they are legal; lacking any legitimate cover they have no protection from ', 0, 'raids_police raids', ' in other states. In 2008, Nevada brothels have ', 3, 1, 'suffered under the economic downturn', 'thrived, with clients spending their economic stimulus check on prostitution services', 'remained unaffected', '.')
New_Question('The ', 0, 'Dumas', ' Hotel in Butte, Montana, was built in 1890 and designed specifically as a ', 4, 4, 'hotel', 'boarding school', 'house for wayward girls', 'brothel', '. It functioned in this capacity until ', 4, 3, '1962', '1972', '1982', '1992', '. The most luxurious rooms were on the upper floors, while the basement and lower floors were subdivided into cubicles called “', 0, 'cribs', '” to accommodate the needs of the less affluent local ', 0, 'miners', '. Sex could come cheap here; in its early days one session cost as little as ', 5, 4, '10', '20', '40', '50', '70', ' cents and at the time of its closing sex could be obtained for as little as ', 4, 4, '$5', '$10', '$15', '$20', '.')
New_Question('Although long-tolerated, brothels were legalized in the Netherlands in ', 4, 4, '1965', '1980', '1990', '2000', '. Dutch laws now focus more on ', 0, 'underage', ' and involuntary prostitution. Dutch prostitutes must pay ', 4, 3, 'bribes', 'protection money', 'income tax', 'bed rent', ' and can obtain various ', 0, 'medical', ' services. They are represented by ', 4, 4, 'the Mafia', 'pimps', 'political prostitutes', 'a labor union', '. Access to their services can be gained by visiting a brothel or ', 0, 'sex', ' club with the latter being ', 2, 2, 'less', 'more', ' expensive. The brothel business has been largely taken over by ', 3, 3, 'pimps', 'white collar criminals', 'organized crime', ', however there has been a recent attempt by the local city council to ', 4, 2, 'prosecute the offenders', 'buy and close down the brothels', 'study the possibility of further legalizations', 'promote education programs against organized crime', '.')
New_Question('Escort services advertise via every imaginable medium. A transaction begins with a customer phoning or ', 0, 'e-mailing', ' the prostitute or her manager and negotiating a meeting using certain well-known code words such as “', 0, 'full companionship', '” for coitus. An encounter is called an “', 0, 'outcall', '” if it occurs at the client’s quarters or an “', 0, 'incall', '” if the client travels to the escort’s location. Escort service prostitutes are quite a bit ', 2, 2, 'less', 'more', ' expensive than streetwalkers—in the range of ', 0, '$300', ' per hour or more.')
New_Question('On the escort’s arrival at the client’s hotel or other location there is an initial discussion regarding the desired sexual activity and the ', 0, 'payment', '. Payment is made by placing money (or a credit card) ', 4, 2, 'in the escort’s purse', 'on a table', 'in a secure place', 'on a pillow', '; the escort then ', 4, 3, 'undresses', 'undresses the client', 'calls the service to start timing the session', 'None of the above', '. After that there are some preliminary exchanges which culminate in the agreed-upon sex act. Although the meeting may be very like a noncommercial sexual encounter, the sexual focus is on the ', 4, 3, 'ability of the client to get good value for their money', 'mutual needs of the escort and the client', 'needs of the client', 'sexual script that tends to be mutually kind and affectionate', '. After sex the escort will call the ', 0, 'service', ' again or the ', 0, 'service', ' will call when the allotted time expires. A “', 0, 'girlfriend experience', '” includes friendly conversation along with sex. It can also mean ', 5, 5, 'kissing', 'open mouth kissing', 'sex without a condom', 'cuddling', 'All of the above', '. These types of services tend to cost ', 2, 2, 'less', 'more', '.')
New_Question('In the Chicago survey it was found that at least ', 4, 2, '40', '50', '60', '70', '% of prostitutes are ', 0, 'escort', ' service prostitutes. ', 0, 'Escort', ' service prostitution has several advantages over ', 0, 'street', ' prostitution including better control of ', 0, 'hygiene', ' and contraception, more predictable clientele, and less likelihood of arrest. An escort prostitute may be able to establish a base of “', 0, 'regulars', '” who are more predictable and safe for her.')
New_Question('Real ', 0, 'escorts', ' accompany clients to social engagements in addition to providing sexual services and are usually expected to be young, ', 0, 'attractive', ', and well-bred. Those working at this level tend to be at the ', 0, 'top', ' of the prostitution hierarchy and often work for ', 0, 'madams', ' who have some access to affluent society. Males at this level who are hired by women are known as ', 0, 'gigolos', '. These types of males are much more common in ', 0, 'Europe', ' than in the United States. In the coastal resort communities of Kenya, female sex tourists can obtain sex and companionship from young tribesmen for a little as a ', 4, 3, 'dollar a day', 'pair of jeans', 'pair of sunglasses', 'nice dinner', '.')
New_Head(1, ' Good Pay Is the Main Motive for Prostitution, pp. 626–632');
New_Question('Weinberg’s 1999 survey suggested that a street-level prostitute can make the equivalent of a day’s pay at minimum wage for ', 4, 1, 'one', 'two', 'three', 'five', ' “trick(s)” lasting ', 4, 2, '10', '20', '40', '60', ' minutes. It would be very difficult to obtain this level of pay from a conventional job given that prostitutes tend to lack ', 0, 'education and experience_education_experience', '. Large amounts of money are particularly required by prostitutes who are ', 0, 'drug addicts_addicts_drug addicted_addicted to drugs', ' and by ', 0, 'transgenders', ' who are saving up for ', 0, 'surgery', '. Based on Weinberg’s income data, ', 0, 'transgendered', ' street prostitutes who saved half their income could pay for surgery in less than ', 4, 1, '2', '3', '4', '5', ' years.')
New_Question('Men use the services of prostitutes for many reasons, including:<ol><li>', 0, 'Unavailability', ' of sex partners.</li><li>These men may be ', 0, 'unattractive', ' or unlikeable.</li><li>Recently separated or ', 0, 'divorced', '.</li><li>Freedom from dating ', 0, 'hassles', ' and obligations.</li><li>More ', 0, 'frequent', ' or different sex than with a regular partner.</li><li>Variety.</li><li>Excitement of &ldquo;', 0, 'forbidden', '&rdquo; sex.</li></ol>')
New_Question('One feminist perspective on prostitution is that it is a manifestation of ', 0, 'misogyny_hatred of women_dislike of women', ' akin to paid ', 0, 'rape_gang rape', '. This is somewhat at odds with the apparent positive regard in which some men hold prostitutes.')
New_Question('Established in the early ', 4, 3, '1950s', '1960s', '1970s', '1980s', ', COYOTE (which stands for &ldquo;', 0, 'call off your old tired ethics_Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics', '&rdquo;) was working for the elimination of prostitution legislation or ', 0, 'decriminalization', '. Although initially popular among ', 4, 2, 'men&rsquo;s organizations', 'feminists', 'religious groups', 'All of the above', ' the movement suffered from the public perception of a link between prostitution and ', 0, 'AIDS', '. In the 1980s some feminists argued that prostitution was part of the exploitation of women by ', 0, 'men', '. This shifted attention from the female prostitute to the pimps and &ldquo;', 0, 'johns', '&rdquo; who were associated with them. &ldquo;Schools for ', 0, 'Johns', '&rdquo; popped up all over America. These seminars are organized like ', 0, 'traffic', ' schools in which arrests are expunged when the ', 0, 'john', ' attends a one-', 2, 1, 'day', 'week', ' seminar about the evils of ', 0, 'prostitution', '.')
New_Question('More recent efforts have been focused on legalization with ', 0, 'regulation', ', which would amount to some sort of state-regulated sex trade. In Europe there has been a ', 2, 2, 'positive', 'negative', ' correlation between the extent of legislated control imposed and rates of compliance. Dutch laws are fairly relaxed and compliance rates are ', 2, 1, 'higher', 'lower', '. In Greece, where prostitutes are legally required to register and are given biweekly health inspections, the compliance rate is about ', 4, 1, '10', '33', '67', '95', '%. The majority of respondents in one New York survey stated ', 3, 2, 'prostitution should be legal', 'prostitution should be illegal', 'they did not know if prostitution should be legal or not', '.')
New_Question('Prostitution and related industries account for ', 4, 3, '0.1&ndash;0.5', '1&ndash;3', '2&ndash;14', '12&ndash;20', '% of the economies of some Southeast Asian countries. Prostitutes in countries in this region ', 3, 3, 'make very little money', 'earn an income comparable to a skilled laborer', 'make substantially more money than an unskilled laborer', '. There is a clash of opinions regarding policy options for international regulation of prostitution; the U.N.&rsquo;s ', 0, 'International Labor Organization', '&mdash;or ILO, argues that treating the sex trade like any other industry would improve conditions for prostitutes; the ', 0, 'feminist', ' Coalition Against Trafficking in Women argues for worldwide ', 0, 'criminalization', ' of all prostitution-related activity (except prostitution itself; as prostitutes are viewed as ', 0, 'victims', '). The World Health Organization has called for the ', 2, 1, 'decriminalization of prostitution', 'continued outlawing of prostitution and related industries', '.')
New_Question('Most underage prostitutes fall in the age range of ', 3, 3, '4&ndash;8', '8&ndash;12', '12&ndash;18', ' and are very evident in some countries. The majority of the demand for underage prostitutes comes from ', 3, 3, 'sex tourists', 'military visitors', 'local men', ', but ', 0, 'visitors_businessmen_tourists_travellers', ' from overseas also seek these types of services. In 2007, U.N. peacekeepers were expelled from ', 0, 'Haiti', ' for sexually exploiting women and girls as young as ', 3, 2, '12', '13', '15', ', paying them as little as ', 4, 1, '$1', '$2', '$5', '$10', ' for sex.')
New_Question('Involuntary prostitution and ', 0, 'transnational_international', ' trafficking in women are closely related and follow predictable routes from ', 0, 'poor', ' countries to ', 0, 'wealthy_rich', ' ones. The extent to which this movement is ', 0, 'coerced', ' and/or deceptive varies from case to case with some women knowing exactly what they are doing and others being virtually ', 0, 'enslaved_kidnapped', '. Most fall in between these extremes experiencing at least some amount of ', 0, 'deception', '.')
New_Head(1, ' Phone Sex Blends Prostitution and Pornography, pp. 632&ndash;633');
New_Question('Phone sex, in which a man calls a telephone operator who engages him in erotic conversation while he ', 0, 'masturbates', ', costs about ', 4, 3, '$0.50', '$1', '$2', '$10', ' per minute. Men are motivated to use these services because they are ', 0, 'convenient', ' and cheaper and less likely to create domestic problems (such as concerns regarding ', 0, 'infidelity', '). Phone sex companies prefer their operators to be viewed as sexually motivated rather than motivated by ', 0, 'money', '.')
New_Head(1, ' Pornography Has Always Been Part of Human Culture, pp. 632&ndash;637');
New_Question('Pornography is any ', 0, 'depiction', ' of people or behavior that is intended to be sexually arousing produced in any ', 0, 'medium', '. The term &ldquo;', 0, 'erotica', '&rdquo is used by some in an effort to set expensive or &ldquo;literary&rdquo; pornography apart but it still fits well within the definition of pornography. Similarly, ', 0, 'sexually explicit', ' material is a catch-all non-judgmental term for pornography. Works with apparent pornographic significance have been uncovered from ', 0, 'pre-Incan_Incan', ' South America and the Roman city of ', 0, 'Pompeii', ' (buried in and preserved by the ashes of Mount Vesuvius).')
New_Question('Early Christianity attempted to suppress pornographic expression, but it is evident in works dating from the ', 0, 'Italian Renaissance_Renaissance_renaissance', ' in various media, including literature and sculpture. (According to some, Michelangelo&rsquo;s &ldquo;', 0, 'Dying Slave', ',&rdquo; for example, is pornographic). English-language writers and pornographers had to deal with attempts to suppress anything that was potentially arousing or ', 0, 'obscene', ', especially during the ', 4, 3, 'fourteenth and fifteenth', 'sixteenth and seventeenth', 'nineteenth', 'nineteenth and twentieth', ' century(ies). Materials containing no ', 0, 'pornography', ' at all were being banned, such as writings about contraception and ', 0, 'homosexuality', ', which were prohibited under the ', 0, 'Comstock', ' Laws.')
New_Question('At present, pornography laws are governed by the ', 0, 'Supreme Court&rsquo;s', ' decision in the 1973 case ', 0, 'Miller v. California', '. According to this law, there ', 2, 1, 'is no', 'is', ' first-amendment protection for pornography, but states may restrict a pornographic work only under certain conditions: (1) The average person, applying contemporary ', 0, 'community', ' standards, must find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the ', 0, 'prurient', ' interest (i.e., is intended to be sexually arousing); (2) The work contains depictions of offensive sexual conduct or excretory functions; and (3) The work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific merit. The Miller decision has become ', 2, 1, 'more', 'less', ' difficult to interpret and apply because of the increase in ', 0, 'Internet', ' pornography.')
New_Question('The major turning point in the growth of pornography was the introduction of mass-market material such as Hugh Hefner&rsquo;s <em>', 0, 'Playboy', '</em> magazine, which was introduced in ', 4, 1, '1953', '1963', '1973', '1983', ' and depicted ', 0, 'soft', ' porn images with no pictures of actual penetrative sex. More recently, material explicitly depicting all sorts of sex acts (called ', 0, 'hard-core', ' pornography) has become commonly available. An example is ', 0, 'Hustler', ' magazine, founded in 1974 by Larry Flynt.')
New_Question('By the 1970s, adult bookstores throughout the United States offered brief pornographic movies called ', 0, 'peep-shows', ' that could be watched in coin-operated viewing booths, and full-length movies that were offered in ', 3, 2, 'mainstream movie theatres', 'dedicated porno movie theaters', 'take-home movies', '.')
New_Question('The introduction of ', 0, 'videocassette_VCR', ' in the late 1970s, followed by the DVDs in the 1990s had a major impact on pornography. It allowed for much easier production and distribution of movies. This came at the cost of a significant reduction in ', 3, 2, 'quality', 'profitability', 'control', ' for theatres however. At present, pornography exists in virtually all major media, and the ', 0, 'Internet', ' has emerged as a major mode of distribution of pornographic products. Some products blur the boundaries between real sex and ', 0, 'virtual', ' reality, such as sites that offer ', 0, 'anatomically', ' correct avatars and unrestricted behaviors with them.')
New_Question('Women seem generally to prefer pornographic depictions containing ', 0, 'affection_romance_intimacy', ' over graphic material with a few exceptions such as the work produced by Candida ', 0, 'Royalle', '. A uniquely female-identified genre is that of the ', 0, 'romance novel', ', perhaps the softest of all porn because works in this vein focus mostly on ', 5, 1, 'relationships', 'kissing', 'families', 'feathers', 'lace', ' although recently some of this material has taken on a racier tone. Lesbians appear to have tastes for pornography that are quite ', 2, 2, 'similar to', 'different from', ' those of heterosexual women; the magazine entitled On ', 0, 'Our Backs', ', which ceased publication in ', 0, '2006', ', illustrates this.')
New_Head(1, ' There Are Conflicting Perspectives on the Value or Harm of Pornography, pp. 637&ndash;641');
New_Question('Some of the different political positions on pornography that are (oftentimes stridently) put forward include:<ol><li>Religious ', 0, 'conservatives', ' believe pornography promotes general ', 0, 'moral', ' decay and undermines traditional social institutions such as ', 0, 'family', '.</li><li>', 0, 'Radical', ' feminists view all pornography as promoting physical or sexual ', 0, 'violence_harm', ' against women.</li><li>Postfeminists view pornography as an important cultural tool.</li><li>Liberals view pornography as ', 2, 2, 'harmful', 'harmless', ' or perhaps beneficial and argue that it is protected under the ', 0, 'First Amendment', ' protecting free speech.</li></ol>')
New_Question('Meta-analysis of preexisting research has indicated that exposure to pornography increases the likelihood of harming women in about ', 4, 1, '7', '17', '37', '77', '% of men. These are men with a ', 0, 'violence', '-prone personality or preexisting hostility towards women. In addition, if the pornography involves ', 0, 'violent_SM_sadomasochistic', ' depictions, the effect on these men is ', 2, 2, 'smaller', 'greater', '. Men convicted of violent crimes against women reportedly ', 2, 2, 'do', 'do not', ' consume more pornography than other men.')
New_Question('In Japan the introduction of large quantities of pornography was associated with a ', 4, 3, 'three-fold increase', 'five-fold decrease', 'three-fold decrease', 'five-fold increase', ' in rape. When reviewed, sex crime rates in a number of countries follow this same trend: sex crimes ', 2, 1, 'decrease', 'increase', ' when pornography consumption increases.')
New_Question('The United Kingdom takes a dim view of violent pornography. In 2008 a new law banned the possession of ', 0, 'extreme pornography', '&mdash;sexually arousing material that is real or portrayed as real involving injury, harm, or death or intercourse with a ', 3, 3, 'corpse', 'animal', 'corpse or animal', '.')
New_Question('In the United States it is illegal to possess pornography of (or have anything to do with) children under the age of ', 4, 4, '12', '14', '16', '18', ' (also known as &ldquo;', 0, 'kiddie', '&rdquo; porn or underage ', 0, 'pornography', '). Most of the underage ', 0, 'pornography', ' in the world, about ', 0, '80', '%, comes from ', 0, 'Japan', ' where many ', 0, 'Japanese', ' men have an unabashed sexual interest in girls between the age of ', 0, 'puberty', ' and adulthood. &ldquo;', 0, 'Telephone', '&rdquo; clubs facilitate contacts between schoolgirls and adult men there and some ', 0, 'Japanese', ' school girls make considerable money from these associations. Canada has ', 2, 2, 'tightened', 'eased', ' its restrictions on pornography involving minors. In 2001 Canada&rsquo;s Supreme Court ruled that videotapes of ', 2, 1, 'lawful', 'unlawful', ' sexual activity between minors over the age of ', 0, '16', ' could be used for personal, unshared consumption. The major concern in regulating underage pornography is the great danger of harm to the ', 2, 2, 'consumer', 'actor', '. There is ', 3, 3, 'a diversity of opinions', 'conflict', 'broad agreement', ' in the United States that the ban on underage pornography should be actively enforced.')
New_Head(1, ' Sex Is Part of the Mass Media, pp. 641&ndash;643');
New_Question('The sexual content on television appears to be rapidly ', 2, 2, 'decreasing', 'increasing', ': a study by the Parents Television Council found that between 1989 and 1999 the frequency of sexual incidents or references on television ', 2, 2, 'decreased', 'increased', ' by nearly ', 4, 3, '50%', 'double', 'triple', 'quadruple', '. But by far the greatest increase was related to the frequency of references to ', 0, 'homosexuality', ' which increased ', 4, 4, '3-fold', '12-fold', '64-fold', '265-fold', '. This may be beneficial because increasing familiarity with gay issues and behavior may work to lessen anti-gay ', 0, 'discrimination', ' and simultaneously improve the ', 0, 'self-esteem', ' of gays and lesbians. Sadly, a television ', 0, 'educational', ' opportunity regarding issues related to sex is being missed. Of the ', 4, 2, '12', '14', '16', '18', '-thousand sexual references seen annually by the average American teenager, only 150 deal with sexual ', 0, 'responsibility', ', abstinence, or contraception.')
New_Question('Congress has mandated a voluntary ', 0, 'ratings_rating', ' system for television programs along with the inclusion of a &ldquo;', 0, 'V-chip', '&rdquo; in new television sets (and a separate box for older sets)&mdash;the ACLU has ', 2, 2, 'supported', 'opposed', ' these measures as government ', 0, 'censorship', ' and one network has thus far refused to fully comply. The ', 0, 'V-chip', ' does not appear to be used, even by parents ', 3, 1, 'who have been shown how to use it', 'are very conservative', 'who typically do monitor their children&rsquo;s shows', '.')
New_Question('Approximately ', 4, 3, 'one-third', 'one-fourth', 'one-fifth', 'one-sixth', ' of all advertising has overt sexual content. Sexual images can be effective in advertising but only for products that are related to ', 0, 'sex', ' and sensuality, such as ', 0, 'perfume', '. The danger in using sex to advertise is that some people may be turned ', 2, 2, 'on', 'off', ' by the image or be so distracted by the ', 0, 'sexual', ' image that the name of the ', 0, 'product', ' being advertised is not processed. A more subtle approach is to use ', 0, 'embeds', '&mdash;small, imperceptible sexual images that trigger arousal and attention below the viewers awareness. Advertisers are constantly trying to push the ', 0, 'limits_boundaries', ' of acceptable advertisements and have been known to try to influence media with their ', 0, 'advertising', ' dollars.')